CultivationCountermeasuresofFarmers'EcologicalConsciousnessandBehaviorinEco-civilizationConstruction———ACaseStudyofAgricul-turalWasteＲecycling
2*
ChengyingHAN1，，MinTIAN1，BiyanXIAO1，ZhenhongQI2
1．DepartmentofEconomics＆Management，ShandongForeignTradeVocationalCollege，Qingdao266100，China;2．CollegeofEconomics＆Management，HuazhongAgriculturalUniversity，Wuhan430070，China
AbstractFarmeristhemainbodyofruralenvironmentalbehavior，andcultivationoffarmers'ecologicalconsciousnessandbehaviorisimpor-tanttoruralenvironmentalgovernanceandruraleco-civilizationconstruction．Inthispaper，agriculturalwasterecyclingisstudiedbasedonin-dividualbehaviortheory．Weanalyzestatusquoofagriculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmers，andpointouttheimportanceoffarmerbehaviorin
eco-environmentgovernance，therebyexcavatinginfluencefactorsofagriculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmersfromperceivedbenefitsandper-ceivedrisks．Onthisbasis，countermeasuresandmeasuresofcultivatingfarmers'environmentalprotectionbehaviorandecologicalconscious-nessareproposed．
KeywordsEcologicalcivilization，Ecologicalconsciousness，Ecologicalbehavior，Cultivation
1Introduction
InthereportoftheNineteenthNationalCongress，General Secretary
XiJinpingputforwardthatweshouldimplementthestrategy
ofruralrevitalization，acceleratethemodernizationofagricultureandruralareas，andsteadfastlyfollowthecivilizeddevelopmentroadof\"productiondevelopment，well-offlifeandgoodecolo-［1］
gy\"．InagriculturalproductionprocessofChina，about3bil-liontoflivestockandpoultrymanureand700milliontonsofcropstrawareproducedeachyear．Agriculturalwastecontainsalargeamountoforganicmatter，nitrogen，phosphorus，potassiumandothernutrientsneededbythesoilandisexcellentorganicfertilizerresource［2］．Agriculturalwasterecyclingisconducivetostrengthe-ningtheconstructionofagro-forestry-animalhusbandrycomplex
ecologicalengineering，increasingagriculturalefficiencyandfarmers'income，optimalutilizationofresourcesandimprovementofecologicalenvironment．
Influencedbytraditionalagriculturalconcepts，mostfarmerstreatcropstrawandlivestockmanureaswaste．Cropstrawisoftendiscardedorburnedinsitu，causingseriousairpollution．Itisgeneraltoarbitrarilydischargelivestockmanure，whichnotonlypollutesairbutalsocoulddisseminatepathogensandharmhumanhealth．Atpresent，agriculturalwasterecyclinginChinahasnotbeenrealizedonalargescale，anditsextensivetreatmentmethodsresultinthewasteofalargeamountoforganicsubstanceinagri-culturalwastesandeveninduceseriousagriculturalnon-pointpol-
lutionandenvironmentalharm［3］，whichisnotconducivetothesustainabledevelopmentofagricultureandtheconstructionofruralecologicalcivilization．
2Statusquoofagriculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmers
2．1Insufficientunderstandingofagriculturalwasterecy-clingbyfarmersInthesurvey，numberofeffectivesampleis815，inwhichthereare629men，accountingfor77．18%oftotalsample，whilethereare186women，accountingfor22．82%．Insample，thereare109farmersbelow40yearsold，accountingfor13．4%oftotalsample;223farmersbetween41and50yearsold，accountingfor57．6%;237farmersmorethan60yearsold，ac-countingfor29．0%．Thereare687farmersattheeducationlevelofjuniorhighschoolandbelow，accountingfor84．3%oftotalsample;98farmersattheeducationlevelofpolytechnicorhighschool，accountingfor12．0%;30farmersattheeducationlevelofcollegeandabove，onlyaccountingfor3．7%．
Itisfoundthatthatfarmers'understandingofmannerofagri-culturalwasteutilizationisatgenerallevel，andsamplesofnotunderstanding，understandingandgeneral/notconcerningrespec-tivelyaccountforone-third．Meanwhile，farmers'understandingof
biogasproductionandutilization(specificwaysofagriculturalwasterecycling)isbelowgenerallevel，showingthatfarmerswhoknoworknowverywellonlyaccountfor28．3%oftotalsample．Therefore，thereisstillroomforimprovementintechnicalpropa-gandaandtrainingofagriculturalwasterecycling．
2．2ExtensivetreatmentmannerofagriculturalwasteUti-lizationmannersofcropstrawbyfarmersmainlycontainopen-air
incineration，stackingonedgeoffieldorroadside，returningtothefield，livingfuel，livestockfeed，sale，andproductionofbiogas．Amongthem，180farmersselect\"open-airincineration\"，ac-
Ｒeceived:January1，2019Accepted:April9，2019
SupportedbyMajorProjectofNationalSocialScienceFundofChina(14AZD002)．
*Correspondingauthor．E-mail:cyhan0225@163．com
ChengyingHANetal．CultivationCountermeasuresofFarmers'EcologicalConsciousnessandBehaviorinEco-civilizationConstruction49
countingfor22．1%oftotalsample;144farmersselect\"stacking
onedgeoffieldorroadside\"，
accountingfor17．7%;356farmersselect\"returningtothefieldasfertilizer\"，accountingfor
43．7%;262farmersselect\"livingfuel\"，
accountingfor32．1%;116farmersselect\"livestockfeed\"，accountingfor14．2%;54farmersselect\"sale\"，accountingfor6．6%;89farmersselect\"productionofbiogas\"，accountingfor10．9%;41farmersselectotherways，containingplantingediblefungiandthrowingthemaway．Itisclearthatcomprehensiveutilizationmannerofstrawbyfarmersisdominantbyreturningtothefieldasfertilizerandliving
fuel．Only54farmersselectstrawsale，
andthecausesareasbe-low:oneislackinglabourforce，andtheotherisnotknowingwheresomeonerecyclesit，whichisanimportantcauseforstrawburning．Itisclearthatagriculturalwasterecyclinglackseffectiveintermediatechannel．Italsoillustratesthatenterprisewhichismarketmainbodyofagriculturalwasterecyclingdoesnotsuffi-cientlyjoininitandplaytherole．
Mainutilizationmannersoflivestockmanurebyfarmerscon-tainrandomstacking，centrallystackedatthevillageentranceorhome，rawmaterialsofbiogas，andfarmmanureaftertreatment．Ｒesultsdisplaythat60farmersselect\"randomstacking\"，ac-countingfor7．4%oftotalsample;161farmersselect\"centrallystackedatthevillageentranceorhome\"，accountingfor19．8%;127farmersselect\"rawmaterialsofbiogas\"，accountingfor15．6%;486farmersselect\"farmmanureaftertreatment\"，ac-countingfor59．6%;27farmersselectothermanners，containingsale，feedingfishandthrowingthemaway．Itisclearthatcompre-hensiveutilizationoflivestockmanurebyfarmersisdominantbyfarmmanureaftertreatment，followedbycentrallystackedatthevillageentranceorhome．Thiswillinevitablyleadtopollutionofthevillage'sappearance，environment，airandwater，etc．Farm-ersselectingrawmaterialsofbiogasonlyaccountsfor15．6%oftotalsample．Itillustratesthatfarmerslessselectproductionofbiogas，andcleanenergyproductioninruralareasstillhasroomforimprovement．
2．3Strongdemandonagriculturalwasterecyclingtechnol-ogybyfarmersForthewaysforfarmerstoacquirethetechnol-ogyofagriculturalwasterecycling，443farmersselectorganizationandtrainingofgovernment，accountingfor54．4%oftotalsam-ple;590farmersselectscienceandtechnologygoingtothecoun-tryside，accountingfor72．4%;254farmersselectdisseminationofbrochures，accountingfor31．2%;131farmersselectvideoteaching，accountingfor16．1%;160farmersselecttelevisionbroadcasting，accountingfor19．6%;135farmersselectteachingofrelatives，friendsandneighbors，accountingfor16．6%;15farmersdon'twanttolearntherelevanttechnologyanddon'thaveinterest，energyandtime，whileonepersonsaysheistoooldtolearntechnology．Itisclearthatcurrentfarmers'demandforagri-culturalwasterecyclingtechnologyisstillverystrong．Scienceandtechnologygoingtothecountrysideisthemostpopularwayforfarmers，anditsendsscienceandtechnologytofarmersandbrings
practicalbenefitsforthem．Organizationandtrainingofgovern-mentareatthesecondplace，andthendisseminationofbrochures．
Intheaspectoftechnicalrequirements，farmershaveahighdemandforagriculturalwasterecyclingtechnology．Itisfoundthat98%offarmershopetoobtainknowledgeandtechnicalinforma-tiononagriculturalwasterecycling．Italsoillustratesthatthereismuchroomforthegovernmenttoimprovethepropagandaandtrainingofagriculturaltechnologyinrecyclingofwastematerials．Sincethedevelopmentofeconomyandinformationtechnologyisrelativelylaggingbehindinruralareas，farmers'expectationwaysofinformationtechnologydemandmainlydependsonthegovern-ment，andtheyhopethatthegovernmentcanorganizetraininganddoagoodjobinscienceandtechnologygoingtothecountryside．
3Importanceoffarmers'behaviorineco-environ-mentgovernance
Thefoundationofruralrejuvenationispromotingtheworkofruralenvironmentmanagementandbuildinganecological，livableandbeautifulcountryside．Itneedsgraspingthemainsourceofpollu-tiontosolvenon-pointpollutionofagriculturalwaste，namely
treatmentandcomprehensiveutilizationofcropstrawandlivestockmanure．Ontheonehand，itshouldenhanceinnovationofcom-prehensiveutilizationmannerofcropstraw．Ontheotherhand，itneedsestablishingcloseinterestlinkagemechanismbetweenbreedingandplantingindustryforlivestockmanure，sufficientlymobilizingtheenthusiasmofpigfarmerstodevelopecologicalbreedingmodel，vigorouslycultivatingandformingtheattitude，willingnessandbehaviorofecologicalaquaculture，promotingtherecyclingoflivestockandpoultrybreedingwaste，realizingorganiccombinationoflivestockandpoultrybreedingandagriculture，and
developingcirculareconomy，
torealizesustainabledevelopmentofagricultureandbreedingindustry．
Influencedbythecurrentlevelofruraleconomicdevelopment
inChina，
mostfarmersdonotattachenoughimportancetotheuti-lizationofagriculturalwasteresources，andtheirvalueperception
levelsarenothigh．Moreover，
recyclingabilityisrelativelyinade-quate，
whichmakesthesevaluableresourcesdisposedofordiscar-dedasgarbage．What'sworseisthatdirectdiscardingoftheseag-riculturalwastescouldpollutewaterbodyandair，disseminatepathogens，endangerecologicalenvironmentoffarmland，andfi-nallythreatenqualitysafetyofagriculturalproducts．
Farmeristhemainbodyofagriculturaleco-environmentbe-haviorandthemainforceofparticipatingintheutilizationofagri-culturalwasteresources．Farmers'evaluationonvalueofagricul-turalwasterecyclingdecidestheirparticipationwillingness，andplaysakeyroleintransformationofagriculturaldevelopmentman-nerandagriculturaleco-civilizationconstruction．Tosolvenon-pointpollutionofagriculturalwasteandrealizeeco-environment
protection，itneedschangingtraditionaldisposalmethodsofagri-culturalwaste，improveperceptionvalueoffarmerstoagricultural
50AsianAgriculturalＲesearch2019
wasterecycling，reducingperceivedrisk，payingattentiontorecy-clingvalueofagriculturalwaste，understandingseriousnessofag-riculturalwastenon-pointsourcepollutionconsequences，suffi-cientlymobilizingtheenthusiasmoffarmers'eco-environmentbe-havior，andvigorouslycultivatingandformingthatfarmers'eco-environmentwillingnessandbehaviorhaverealityandurgency．
4Analysisoninfluencefactorsoffarmers'wastere-cyclingbehavior
Accordingtoindividualbehaviortheory，individualbehaviorin-tentionaffectsindividualbehavior，andattitude，subjectivenormandperceptualbehaviorcontrolandaffectbehaviorintention［4］．
First，
attitude，namelyindividualperceptionoftakingoneaction;second，\"subjectivenorm\"and\"perceptualbehaviorcontrol\"，whilevalueperceptionisthemostdirectreasonfortheformationoffarmers'behaviorattitudes．Thatistosay，farmers'agriculturalwasterecyclingbehaviorisaffectedbyperceivedvalueofagricul-turalwasterecyclingtoalargeextent．Perceivedvalueofagricul-turalwasterecyclingbyfarmersindicatesoverallevaluationafterbalancingtheobtainedbenefitsandthepaidrisksindecision-mak-ingprocessofagriculturalwasterecyclingbehavior［5］
．Farmers'perceivedbenefitindicatesallthegainsfromperceivedlifeneeds，resourceneeds，self-fulfillmentneeds，etc．inagriculturalwaste
recyclingbehavior．Farmers'perceivedriskindicatesfeelingsandjudgmentsgeneratedbylossesofagriculturalwasterecyclingandtheirfearonimplementingobstacles．
4．1Influencefactorsofperceivedbenefitsofagriculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmers
4．1．1Perceivedbasicbenefits．Insurveyandinterview，some
farmersshowthat\"whenIraisepigs，
Iusuallycollectpigmanureandsellittoabigvegetablefarmerinthevillage．Thus，
Icanal-soearnsomemoney\"．\"Nowgovernmentdoesnotallowthecropstrawburninginsitu．Somestraw，suchascornstraw，canbepulledhometomakefirewood\"．\"Chickenandpigmanureisusedasfarmmanure．Thevegetablesgrownaregreenandsaferandcanbeeatenathome．Sometimeswecan'teatthemandsellthematthemarketorontheroadside，andthesevegetablesarealsoverypopular\"．\"It'sreportedonTVthatstrawburningcausesairpol-lution，andnowwedarenotburnit\"．\"Nowthecountrysidehasdevelopedandtheenvironmentinthevillageisgood．Ifpigandchickenmanurearethrownrandomly，itwillcausepollution\"．
\"Wecouldnotdischargepigandchickenmanureatwill，
andtheyhavefertilizervalues．Strawcanalsobeturnedovertothegroundforfertilizer\"．\"Cropstrawcanreplacecornandsoybeanmealtofeedcattleandsheep，whileanimalmanurecanfeedfishandsoon，withfeedvalue\"．\"Cropstraw，livestockandpoultrymanurecanbeusedtoproducebiogas，whichhasenergyvalue\"．There-fore，farmers'perceivedbasicbenefitscanbesummarizedintotwoaspects:economyandresource．
4．1．2Perceivedecologicalbenefits．Intheinterview，somefarmersthinkthat\"nowthecentralgovernmentwillrealizethe
Chinesedream，buildbeautifulcountryside，centralizegarbagedisposal，andcontrolpollutionemissionofstreets．It'sallaboutdoingsmallthingsaroundus，andweshouldmakealittlecontri-butiontoourcountry\"．\"Thecropstrawhasbeenrecycledandusedtopurifytheair，whichisconducivetotheconstructionof
ecologicalcivilizationinruralareas\"．\"Inthepast，
therewerepigfarms，
andfecesweredischargedatwill，whichmadetheriversinthevillagefullofstinkywater．Later，thepurificationequipmentwasinstalled，whichimprovedalot\"．\"Itisbettertousefarmmanure，whichassuresthatthelandwillnotbehardened\"．\"Nowpartofthelandinthevillagehasbeentransferredtoformlarge-scalefarmerswhogrowgrainorvegetables．Wecansellthem
strawandmanure，
orsometimesgivethemforlarge-scalestrawre-turningtothefield．Otherwise，
ifweputstrawandmanurethere，itwillaffecttheappearanceofthevillage\"．\"Nowadays，people'slivingstandardshavebeenimproved，andpeoplearepayingmoreandmoreattentiontothequalityoftheirlivingenvironment\"．\"Inordertobuildruraleco-environment，thestatesubsidizedhouse-holdstobuildbiogasdigesters．Manureandothercouldproducebiogas，andprovidecleanenergyforhouseholds\"．\"Straw，live-stockandpoultrymanurearenotdiscardedatwill，andeveryoneusesthem．Whentheenvironmentisgood，thevillagersareina
goodmood\"．Therefore，
farmers'perceivedecologicalbenefitscanbesummarizedintothreeaspects:environmentalprotection，
safetyandhealth．
4．1．3Perceivedsocialbenefits．Implementationofagriculturalwasterecyclingmayaffecttherelationshipbetweenfarmersandtheirneighborsorbetweenfarmersandvillagecadresandpersonalimageoffarmers，andisreflectionoftheimpactoffarmers'socialrelations．Intheinterview，somefarmersdecidethat\"nowitisaspecialperiodfortheconstructionofecologicalcivilization．Itiseveryone'sresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment，andweneedtoworktogether\"．\"Icollectedstrawandsoldittoacompanythatusedstrawasbuildingmaterial．Whenmyneighborssawit，theywouldfollowmeandwouldnolongerburnitatwill．Wetalkedalotandtheneighborsweremoreharmonious\"．\"Othersburnedstrawintheopenair，butmyfamilydidnotburnit，andwere-turnedthestrawtothefarmland．Werespondedtothegovernment'scall，andwererecognizedbythevillage\"．\"Ithinkit'severyone'sresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironmentandsaveresources．I'mproudthatIdidit\"．\"Nowthevillageproduces
biogasfromlivestockandpoultrymanure，
andthegovernmentwillgivesomesubsidies\"．\"Inordertoencouragepeopletostopburn-ingcropstrawintheopenair，villagecadrescontactedreturningmachinestohelppeoplereturnstrawtothefields，aswellasre-wards\"．Therefore，
farmers'perceivedsocialbenefitscanbesum-marizedintothreeaspects:responsibilitysharing，socialrecogni-tionandspecialtreatment．
Accordingtointerviewandsummarizationofinterviewmateri-als，
influencefactorsofperceivedbenefitsofagriculturalwastere-cyclingbehaviorbyfarmersareshownasTable1．
ChengyingHANetal．CultivationCountermeasuresofFarmers'EcologicalConsciousnessandBehaviorinEco-civilizationConstructionTable1Type
Farmers'perceivedbenefits(FPB)
Influencefactorsandindexconnotationsofperceivedbenefitsbyfarmers
ConstitutivedimensionFarmers'perceivedbasicbenefits(FPBB)
Farmers'perceivedecologi-calbenefits(FPEB)
EconomyＲesource
Index
Connotation
ComparisonbetweenyieldandcostofagriculturalwasterecyclingAgriculturalwasterecyclingsavingresource
Feed，fertilizerandenergyvaluesofagriculturalwaste
51
EnvironmentalprotectionImpactofagriculturalwasterecyclingonecologicalandenvironmentalprotectionSafetyHealth
Impactofagriculturalwasterecyclingondiseasesoflivestockandpoultryandsafetyofagriculturalproducts
Impactofagriculturalwasterecyclingonhumanhealth
Farmers'understandingonresponsibilitysharingofwasteresourceutilizationTheimpactofagriculturalwasterecyclingbehavioronhisownimageandgovern-mentrecognition
Agriculturalwasterecyclingcanbesubsidizedandcommended，etc．
Farmers'perceivedsocialbenefits(FPSB)
ＲesponsibilitysharingImagerecognitionSpecialtreatment
4．2Influencefactorsofperceivedrisksofagriculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmers
4．2．1Perceivedeconomicrisks．Intheinterview，somefarmersshowthat\"wealsoknowthattheproductionofbiogasfromstraw
whichandmanurecansaveliquefiedgasandreducecoalburning，
isbeneficial\"．\"Whenusingno-tillagetechnologyandstrawretur-ningtothefield，moremoneywillhavetobeinvested\"．\"Sonsandgirlsgoouttoworkagain，whileourgrandchildrenstayathomeandaretakencarebyus．Weareoldandoutofcondition，andworkharderandharderinfarming．Wedonothavethestrengthtogetthestrawafterharvestingback，sowehavetothrowitontheground\"．\"Howeasyitistoburnstraw．SometimesIcan'tmanagesomuch．Afterbusyfarming，Iwanttogoouttoworktoearnmoney\"．\"It'snotworthwhiletoputthestrawinorderandtakeithome．It'stime-consumingandlaborious，andisalso
expensivetohireacar\"．\"Strawandexcrementbiogasdigestershavebeenbuilt，buttheyhavebeenuselessforalongtime，butwealsoneedtoknowthemaintenancetechnology\"．Therefore，perceivedeconomicrisksoffarmerscouldbesummarizedintothreeaspects:monetaryrisk，opportunityriskandbenefitrisk．
4．2．2Perceivedpsychologicalrisks．Intheinterview，somefarmersshowthat\"nowstandardhouseshavebeenbuiltinthecountryside．Moreandmorepeopleusenaturalgasintheirhomes．Inthepast，strawcanalsobepulledbacktoserveasfirewood．
norcanitbeused\"．\"IthinkNowthereisnoplacetoputitback，
recyclingwasteandenvironmentalprotectionareeverybody'sbusi-it'snotness．It'suselessformetodoitalone\"．\"Insomeplaces，
easytopullthestrawbackonthemountain．Besides，Idon'tknowwheretorecycleit，soI'dbetterjustthrowitaway\"．\"Biogasdi-gesterisneededtoproducebiogasfromcropstrawandlivestock
Table2Type
Farmers'perceivedrisks(FPＲ)
manure，butthereisnobiogasdigesterathome\"．\"Ialsowanttosellthestraw，butnobodywantsit．Noburning，noselling．Idon'tknowwhattodo\"．\"Theproductionofbiogasfromcropstrawandlivestockmanurerequirescertainfacilitiesandtechnologies．Idon'tunderstandthem，andneedtimetolearnandunderstandthem\"．Therefore，perceivedpsychologicalrisksoffarmerscouldbesummarizedintothreeaspects:spacerisk，timeriskandknowl-edgerisk．
4．2．3Perceivedsituationalrisks．Atmeasurementaspectofsitu-ationalrisksofindividualbehavior，settingofmeasuringitemsbyscholarsmainlyconsidersfromwhethertheindividualbehaviorde-cision-makinghastherelevantconditions，whetheritisrecognized
andwhetheritisharmfultohisimageornot．Addi-byhisfamily，
basedsubsi-tionally，whetherthereispolicysupportorresource-dies，whetherthereiscorrespondinginfrastructure，whetheritiseasytoacquirerelevanttechnicalknowledgeandsoon，willaffectfarmers'behaviordecision-makinginagriculturalwasterecycling．
Agriculturalwasterecyclingneedsvariousinputs．Iffarmersper-theirceivethatpolicysupportisinsufficientorthereisnosubsidy，
enthusiasmwillbelow．Iffarmersperceivethatthereisnocorre-spondingbasisfortherecyclingofagriculturalwastes，anditisnoteasytoacquirerelevanttechnicalknowledge，andtheyconsider
theywillal-thatitisdifficulttoimplementtherecyclingbehavior，
soabandontherecyclingofagriculturalwaste．Therefore，per-ceivedsituationalrisksoffarmerscouldbesummarizedintofouraspects:policycontext，facilitytechnology，grouppressureandbehavioralconsequence．
Accordingtothesurveyandsummarizationofinterviewmate-influencefactorsofperceivedrisksofagriculturalwasterecy-rials，
clingbehaviorbyfarmersareshownasTable2．
Influencefactorsandindexconnotationsofperceivedrisksbyfarmers
ConstitutivedimensionFarmers'perceivedeconom-icrisks(FPEＲ)
Farmers'perceivedpsycho-logicalrisks(FPPＲ)
Index
MonetaryriskOpportunityriskBenefitriskSpaceriskTimeriskKnowledgerisk
Connotation
Agriculturalwasterecyclingneedingfunds
AgriculturalwasterecyclingneedingtoabandonotherresourcesYieldofagriculturalwasterecyclinglowerthaninputNewresidentialhouses，lackingrecyclingspaceAgriculturalwasterecyclingneedingtimeinputNothavingtheknowledgeofagriculturalwasterecycling
(Tobecontinued)
52
(Continued)Type
ConstitutivedimensionFarmers'perceivedsitua-tionalrisks(FPSＲ)
Index
Policycontext
AsianAgriculturalＲesearch2019
Connotation
WhethertherearepoliciesrelatedtotherecyclingofagriculturalwasteIsthereinfrastructureforagriculturalwasterecyclingWhetherothersarerecyclingoristhereinterpersonalpressureWhethersubsidiesofbehaviorimplementationareinplace
Understandingontheconsequencesofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution
FacilitytechnologyGrouppressureBehav-ioralconsequences
5Cultivationcountermeasuresandmeasuresofeco-logicalconsciousnessandbehavioroffarmers
5．1Improvingperceivedbenefits，anddeeplypublicizingtheharmofnon-pointsourcepollutionbyagriculturalwaste
Itshouldincreasepublicity，makingthatfarmersdeeplyunder-standhazardofagriculturalnon-pointsourcepollution，andim-proveperceivedvalueleveltoagriculturalwasterecycling．Itisanimportantconditionforimpellingagriculturalwasterecyclingoffarmersandenvironmentalprotectioninnewruralconstructiontoenhancefarmers'environmentalprotectionconsciousness，wasteresourceutilizationconsciousnessandresponsibilityundertakingconsciousness．Onlybymakingfarmerstrulyawareoftheharmful-nessofimproperdisposalofagriculturalwaste，cantheyformagoodattitudeandwillingnesstoprotecttheenvironment，andtheneffectivelyguideindividualenvironmentalbehavior．Meanwhile，subsidiesandincentivesfortherecyclingofagriculturalwasteshouldbeincreased．Forexample，farmerspreferthegovernmenttoimplementacertainincentivepolicyforfarmerswhodonotin-cinerateatwillratherthanapunishmentpolicyforfarmerswhoin-cinerateatwill．Fromeconomicperspective，theadoptionofre-strictivepolicieswillincreasethecostofgovernmentsupervision．Whenthegovernmentdoesnothavesomanymanpower，materialandfinancialresourcestosupervise，orifthesupervisionisnotinplace，thebehavioroffarmerscanescapepunishmentwithoutbe-ingfoundout．Farmersareunwillingtomakefurthereffortstoim-plementenvironmentalbehavioreveniftheyrealizethatthebehav-ioriswrong．Forincentivepolicy，ontheonehand，farmersim-plementingenvironmentalbehaviorofagriculturalwasterecyclingisconducivetoenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalimprove-ment，andcouldmakefarmersgeneratecertainsenseofhonorandsatisfaction．Ontheotherhand，farmers'effortsorcostsinimple-mentingenvironmentalbehaviorwillbepartlycompensatedthrough
incentivepolicies．Therefore，farmersarewillingtomakesomeef-forts．
5．2Decliningperceivedrisks，andincreasingfacilitiesandtechnicalinputsofwasterecyclingWhenperceivedcostorex-penseoffarmersonagriculturalwasterecyclingislargerandlar-ger，theirperceivedvalueislower，whichwillbenotconducivetoagriculturalwasterecycling．Toimprovefarmers'perceivedvalueonagriculturalwasterecycling，itshouldfirstlyconsiderdecliningfarmers'perceivedriskonagriculturalwasterecycling．Farmers'perceivedlevelsonfacilitiesandtechnologyinsituationalrisksofagriculturalwasterecyclingarehigher，illustratingthatimpactofrecyclingfacilitiesandtechnologyonfarmers'agriculturalwastere-cyclingbehaviorislarger．Especiallydecliningperceivedeconomicandsituationalrisksofagriculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmers，governmentshouldsufficientlyplaypublicservicefunction，valueconstructionofruralinfrastructureandequipmentforagriculturalwasteresourceutilization，andprovidetechnicalguidanceandservices．Itshoulddeclineperceivedtechnologyandfacilityrisks
ofdecidingagriculturalwasterecyclingbehavior，
namelydecliningtheinconvenienceoffarmersinutilizingagriculturalwastesasre-sources，andprovidinggoodtechnicalsupportenvironmentforag-riculturalwasterecyclingbyfarmers．
5．3Creatinggoodenvironment，andformingmoderatepressureonruraleco-environmentalprotectionbehaviorAt
thebeginningstageofnewruralconstruction，
manyfarmersarenotaccustomedtocentralizedstorageofgarbage，
etc．，andtraditionallivinghabitsmakethemunconsciouslytakeactionsthatarenotconducivetoenvironmentalimprovement．Withthevigorouspropa-gandaandpolicysupportofthestatefortheconstructionofruralecologicalcivilization，peoplegraduallyrealizethattheyshouldstartfromthemselvesandfromthesmallthingsaroundthemtopro-tecttheenvironment．Somefarmersactivelyandconsciouslycen-tralizegarbagestorage，andprotectpublicfacilities，etc．，namelyactivelyimplementingenvironmentalbehavior．Therearealsosomefarmerswhofeelthatwhatthestateadvocatesshouldberight，sotheyfollowsuit．Furthermore，influencedbythenationalpolicy，learningandpropagandaarecarriedoutateachlevel．Atthevil-lagelevel，villagecadreswillputforwarddemandsonfarmers，andformapressureonfarmers，forcingthemtoimplementenvi-ronmentalbehavior．Therefore，thesameistrueforagriculturalwasterecycling．Influencedbypolicy，somefarmerscouldactively
takeanaction，
whilesomefarmerswillfollowgreatmastertomakechoices，
andsomefarmerscarryoutdecision-makingonthebehav-iorofagriculturalwasteresourceutilizationundercertainpressure．5．4Encouragingenterpriseparticipation，andrealizingscalebenefitsofagriculturalresourcesrecyclingScalebenefitandindustrializationdevelopmentofagriculturalwasterecyclingareinseparablefromtheparticipationofagriculturalenterprisesasamarketsubject．Farmersaremainbehaviorbodyofagricultural
wasterecycling．However，
farmersinChinaarestilldominatedbyretailhouseholdsinthetraditionalsense．Traditionalretailhouse-holdhasrelativelyweakpowertorecycleagriculturalwaste，
whichaffectsfarmers'enthusiasmforrecyclingwastematerialstoacer-taindegree，andisoneofcausesforfarmersselectingextensiveapproachtotreatagriculturalwaste．Twokeyfactorsofimpellingagriculturalwasterecyclingaretheinitiativeoffarmersandtheen-thusiasmofenterprises．Althoughagriculturalwasterecyclinghashugeeconomicandsocialpotential，percapitaagriculturalwasteoccupancyisnotlargeforfarmers，andindividualbehaviorofretail
householdcannotformscale，
andevenlosscouldbecausedindi-vidualinvestorsmaycauselosseswhentheyinvestinfacilitiesandtechnologiestoimplementtherecyclingofagriculturalwastes，fur-
ChengyingHANetal．CultivationCountermeasuresofFarmers'EcologicalConsciousnessandBehaviorinEco-civilizationConstruction53
thercausingbehavioralintentiondecline．Forenterprise，itneedsconstructionoffactories，purchaseofconversionandutilizationequipmentatearlystagewhenjoininginagriculturalwasterecy-withlongerretur-cling，andalargeamountofmoneyisinvested，ningcycleandsloweffect，makingthatenterprisesarenotveryen-thusiasticaboutparticipatingintherecyclingofagriculturalwaste．Therefore，governmentneedstakingcertainmeasures，suchas
toimproveinitiativeofagricultural-fundinputandpolicysupport，
relatedenterprisestoparticipateintheutilizationofagriculturalwasteresources．Participationofagricultural-relatedenterprises
makesupforthedefectofscatteredbehavioroffarmersinagricul-withtypicaldemonstrationrole，whichcouldturalwasterecycling，
makeagriculturalwasterecyclingformscalebenefitandstrideto-wardindustrialization．
Ｒeferences［1］WANGYH，YANGXD．Ｒesearchonlegalregulationofruralenviron-mentalgovernancefromtheperspectiveofgreendevelopment［J］．Agri-2018，38(12):38－40．(inChinese)．culturalEconomy，［2］TANGBL，ZHANGQQ．Studyonthecausesandcountermeasuresofad-verseselectionforstakeholdersofagriculturalpollution［J］．Agricultural
2017，37(5):21－23．(inChinese)．Economy，
［3］ZHUM，SHENXC，QIZH，etal．Aresearchonframeandmeasuresof
ecologicalvaluecompensationinpig-raisingindustry:Takingapigfarm
J］．EcologicalEconomy，environmentalpollutionincidentasanexample［
2017，33(2):156－161．(inChinese)．［4］GUOLJ，ZHAOJ．Farmerspro-environmentalbehaviormodelingandinter-J］．Problemsofventionspolicyinthecaseofthestrawprocessingbehavior［
AgriculturalEconomy，2014，35(12):78－84，112．(inChinese)．［5］HANCY．Ｒesearchontheinfluenceoffarmers'perceivedvalueontheir
D］．Wuhan:HuazhongAgricultur-agriculturalwasterecyclingbehavior［
alUniversity，2016．(inChinese)．
欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁(Frompage47)
Ｒeferences［1］SUNY，ZHANGF．Studiedonselectingofcultivatedsubstrateforusingindoorornamentalandpurifiedturfgrass［J］．NorthernHorticulture，2011，35(8):101－105．(inChinese)．［2］WUL，BIANXJ，XUQM，etal．Ｒesearchadvanceanddeveloping
．ChineseAgriculturalSciencetendencyofturfgrasssoillessculture［J］
Bulletin，2008，24(8):295－299．(inChinese)．［3］SUNCY，GONGYW，CAIJT，etal．Studyoncompositionofculture
mediumforindoorecologicallawn［J］．AgriculturalScience＆Technolo-2017，18(9):1705－1709．(inChinese)．gy，［4］GUOSＲ．Soillessculture［M］．Beijing:ChinaAgriculturePress，2001．
(inChinese)．［5］TUY，LIJL，WANGY，etal．Subminiaturelawnregulatingindoormi-J］．GrasslandandTurf，2008，28(4):59－61．(incroenvironment［
Chinese)．［6］CHENJ．Studyonecologicalregulationfunctionofturftoindoormicro-environment［J］．JournalofAnhuiAgriculturalSciences，2009，37(5):
1982－1983．(inChinese)．［7］WANGYJ，ZHOUXY，LIUY，etal．Developmentandtestofindoor
micro-lawnanddiscussiononitsenvironmentalprotectionfunction［J］．Science＆TechnologyAssociationForum，2011，26(10):119－120．(inChinese)．
ernliving，makingpeopleforgetthefatigueofwork，thesorrowoflife，butprovidingthedesiretoyearnforanewlife．However，theresearchandapplicationofnewindoorlawninthenorthernar-andacompletesetofindoorlawncul-easarestillintheinfancy，
tivationandmaintenancemodehasnotbeenestablishedyet．In-doorlawnisdifferentfromordinaryoutdoorlawn．Itisnecessarytoconsiderthatindoorlawngrowsonaspecialsubstrate．Fornon-plantingindoorlawnwillfacelong-professionalordinaryfamilies，
termplantingandpossiblelawnpruningproblems，lawndiseasesandmaintenanceandmanagementproblems．Asaresult，thepromotionandutilizationofthenewindoorlawnlandscapehavenotformedacertaincommercialscaleinnorthernareasofChina，andhasnotbeenwidelypromotedbythepublic．Therefore，theresearchonapplicationofnewindoorlawnlandscapeisexpectedtoprovideanewdirectionfortheapplicationoflawngrasses，andlayacertainfoundationforthemarketdevelopmentoflawnproducts．
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欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁欁氉InternationalＲenownedDatabasesandInstitutionsIndexingAsianAgriculturalＲesearch
AsianAgriculturalＲesearch(ISSN1943－9903)，foundedin2009，isamonthlycomprehensiveagriculturalacademicjournalpublishedandapproved·CNKI(ChinaNationalKnowledgeInfrastructure)，China·CSAIllumina(CambridgeScientificAbstracts)，USA·EBSCOdatabase，USA
·CABI(CenterforAgricultureandBiosciencesInternational)，UK·AgEconSearch(ＲesearchinAgriculturalandAppliedEconomics)，USA·NaresuanUniversityLibrary，Thailand
·AgriculturalDevelopmentFoundation(ADF)，India·KITＲoyalTropicalInstitute(Amsterdam，theNetherlands)
bytheLibraryofCongressoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica．
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